Increasing Students’ Critical Thinking Ability through E-Service-Learning Based Model Development: A Needs Analysis

Abstract

Indonesia is entering the era of Society 5.0, where its main component is a society that can create values and solutions to resolve innumerable social challenges by utilizing technology and the internet. Hence, Indonesia must prepare its youth, as the largest consumer of the internet, with critical thinking ability to thrive in the new era and create innovative solutions and values that benefit the community. This study uses the qualitative descriptive method to analyze the need to develop a Critical Thinking Learning Model based on e-service learning for high school students in Jakarta. Data were elicited from an online questionnaire form of 23 students from various high schools in the Jakarta area, a questionnaire form and observations of 227 students, and interviews with five teachers in four high schools. The survey adapts the Critical Thinking Mindset Self-Rating Form and the Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric. The data were analyzed using triangulation. Findings revealed that the learning model was needed to increase critical thinking ability. Results from data show that (1) despite the positive disposition towards critical thinking, students’ critical thinking skills are mostly unacceptable; (2) teachers agree that the number of students with critical thinking abilities is extremely low and there is a need for learning model to increase critical thinking ability. Therefore, it is proposed that a critical thinking learning model based on e-service-learning is needed to help teachers facilitate engaging lessons through authentic problems to increase the critical thinking ability of high school students.